Category Archives: ai industry

On Entryism

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AI mania, as described in an essay by Nikhil Suresh titled, ‘AI Mania Is Eviscerating Global Decision Making’, is still very much with us, bereft of life but still moving, like a zombie, aimlessly shambling about in search of a gruesome meal.

Even so, cracks are appearing.

These cracks are the result of no promises being kept and very little (actually, no) money being made despite the billions spent, tossed into a giant, flaming pit of anti-worker fueled delusion. The business press, such as Bloomberg, have noticed which has opened a space for critique and the cohort described as being ‘anti AI’. But as the old saying goes, ‘not all skin folk are kin folk.’ Not all ostensibly ‘anti AI’ or anti AI industry people are really anti at all. They are what Harry Zehner, writing in the Baffler Magazine, (September 2024) about support for Israel masquerading as critique, calls critical counterinsurgents.

Another term for what we’re seeing, as Dr. Olivia Guest tells us, is entryism. In an essay admirably direct in its title called ‘Entryism’, Dr, Guest describes the problem:

“In the context of the push back against AI, entryism takes on the form of actively sending infiltrators to join universities or related organisations (in the strongest case), or recruiting members of those institutions, or spreading rhetoric or cultish language (in the weakest, and likely easiest, case) in order to undermine push back against AI. The important part is to do all this by looking like one is not against the organisation’s goal (i.e. knowledge production and education) or even more insidiously by looking like one is staunchly anti AI explicitly. For the weaker case of rhetoric: success is measured by the organisation adopting harmful concepts through terminologically vacuous or damaging language (see me explaining this over video here).”

Corey Doctorow’s ‘enshittification’ thesis, or, statement is more like it, ‘thesis is far too grand, firmly falls into the entryist category. Doctorow tells us that once upon a time, the industry was good and now, no longer serving the interests of customers, it’s bad. At the foundation is a belief that the tech industry is essentially alright, but has gone astray. It’s a ‘critique’ that obscures fundamental issues.

Continuing her analysis, Dr, Guest writes:

“I have a core take away I must repeat: just because somebody claims to be anti AI does not mean they are not doing entryism. Sadly, that is (in isolation) entirely consistent with entryism. Yes, these people lie about their beliefs.

I repeat this quote from Marx that I put right at the top of our work critiquing this correlationist logic from 2023:

“[A]ll science would be superfluous if the outward appearance and the essence of things directly coincided. (Marx, 1894, p. 592)”

This is the logic of AI, of fascism, of sexism, of racism. That is, because things look a certain way, that therefore they are a certain way. Internal properties are wrongly derived from their superficial appearance.”

[…]

This is a fine essay which I highly recommend. Do not be fooled by appearances, the entryists walk among us, fifth columnists who undermine the clear minded analysis needed to resist.

Link

Entryism by Dr. Olivia Guest

More Clown than Vulcan

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The ancients, who looked to various gods and spirits to guide and punish them or, exact vengeance on their enemies and enforce balance enjoyed a higher quality mythological catalogue than the current set.

Zeus, Huītzilōpōchtli and the notables of countless pantheons, whatever their storied faults, were better entities to think of as being, in at least some sense, real, than modern, deified concepts such as the sober, data driven business person, a figure as mythological as anything depicted on canvas, via marble or on the wall of a cave by dim torchlight but far less nourishing.

A word comes to mind: savvy, followed by a phrase, situational awareness. These are lacking in the modern capitalist who, even when judged by the narrow, profit fixated limits of business, shows little sign of possessing either.

Particularly when it comes to the carnival that is so called ‘AI’.

The promise, from Microsoft, OpenAI and their co-conspirators was that, by surrendering business processes to ‘AI’ workers could be eliminated, thus boosting profits. The tech press, a cheerleading squad about which it’s hard to say a kind word (there are exceptions but their rare appearance only illustrates the problem’s scope) broadcast this yarn, shouting about labour in sectors from fast food to law being replaced by chatbots.


In Greek mythology, the goddess Nemesis ensured retribution for offences against the gods; an enforcement of consequences. Nature cannot be fooled; consequences always arrive and often, precisely as people who pay attention, who are savvy and possess situational awareness, predicted. It doesn’t take special insight to know that stepping into traffic isn’t a good idea, you just have to know how the world works (the not at all theoretical physics of metal, travelling at high speed, impacting your soft body). It should not have come as a surprise to business types that the ‘AI’ they looked to as a means for enhancing their bottom line was, in fact, built by the ‘AI’ vendors for exactly the same purpose.


At some point, well, from the start, really, it should have been obvious, that introductory prices for access to ChatGPT, Claude, GitHub Copilot etc would be replaced by real pricing. Microsoft has bills to pay (data centers aren’t cheap) and profit targets too. It should have been obvious that once you were dependent, the manageable price would disappear, ‘like tears in rain’, replaced by bills that inspired weeping.


A dispatch from Nemesis in the form of a recent CNBC article: ‘Tokens or humans? The new corporate trade-off’

From the article…


The root of the squeeze is that the technology works but doesn’t yet pay for itself.

“The way AI works today, it’s very powerful, but it’s very inefficient,” Jain said. “The value that AI drives at this point is trailing the cost that businesses are incurring.”

A big part of the problem is inefficiency in picking models. Roughly 95% of enterprise AI usage is still running on the most expensive frontier models, even for tasks that could be handled by cheaper alternatives, Jain said.


Thus spoke Arvind Jain, CEO of Glean, an ‘AI’ company. Jain is trying to sell a product whose utility is now being questioned so of course, he presents the problem as being that ‘AI’ is very, very good but too expensive or, you’re doing it wrong. But even for Jain, it’s difficult to edulcorate (a marvellous word, which I learned about recently, that means to sweeten) a souring situation. To say ‘it’s powerful but inefficient’ is akin to declaring a car to be very fast but unable to get you to the store.


In other words: useless.


I started this brief essay by talking about mythologies: sublime and stupid, ancient and modern. In the case of the 21st century business class, who depict themselves as grim faced gods, staring deeply into luminous screens, they are more clown than Vulcan, prat-falling rather than thinking, chasing after a world without workers and buying magic beans in the hope that world will arrive.

Nemesis is calling.

From the Department of Self Promotion

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There is neither gold nor glory to be found in challenging cultural assumptions. Particularly those shaped by propaganda.

This is all for the best. In these appearances, I chat with people I respect about the state of the ‘AI’ industry: what is happening and why.

Millennials Are Killing Capitalism: Propaganda Masked as Critique: Jacobin and ‘AI’

A Materialist Approach to the Tech Industry: From Household to Military Tech

Saturdays with Renee

July 31st, 2025 Edition of Doug Henwood’s Behind the News Radio Show:

A conversation with Mtume Gant for his ‘Within Our Gates’ podcast about ‘AI’, cinema and the history of atomic tests. There is a valence:

The F-35 Maneuver

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Bad ideas, like death, are inevitable and just as inescapable.

The US-based tech industry is a Pandora’s box of bad ideas, unleashed upon an unwilling and unwitting populace, and indeed world, with reckless abandon, scorching lives and the Earth itself. Never mind, they say, we’re building the future.

The latest bad idea to spread dark wings and take flight is that building a super massive data center for ‘AI’ called ‘Stargate’- a megamachine that will solve all our problems like a resource and real estate devouring Wizard of Oz – is not only good, but essential.

In an Associated Press article titled, ‘Trump highlights partnership investing $500 billion in AI‘ published Jan 23, 2025, the project is described:

WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump on Tuesday talked up a joint venture investing up to $500 billion for infrastructure tied to artificial intelligence by a new partnership formed by OpenAI, Oracle and SoftBank.

The new entity, Stargate, will start building out data centers and the electricity generation needed for the further development of the fast-evolving AI in Texas, according to the White House. The initial investment is expected to be $100 billion and could reach five times that sum.

“It’s big money and high quality people,” said Trump, adding that it’s “a resounding declaration of confidence in America’s potential” under his new administration.

[…]

It seems like only yesterday, or more precisely, several months ago, that the same ‘Stargate’, with a still astronomically large but comparatively smaller budget, was described in a Tom’s Hardware article of March 24, 2024 titled ‘OpenAI and Microsoft reportedly planning $100 billion datacenter project for an AI supercomputer‘ –

Microsoft and OpenAI are reportedly working on a massive datacenter to house an AI-focused supercomputer featuring millions of GPUs. The Information reports that the project could cost “in excess of $115 billion” and that the supercomputer, currently dubbed “Stargate” inside OpenAI, would be U.S.-based. 

The report says that Microsoft would foot the bill for the datacenter, which could be “100 times more costly” than some of the biggest operating centers today. Stargate would be the largest in a string of datacenter projects the two companies hope to build in the next six years, and executives hope to have it running by 2028.

[…]

Bad ideas are inevitable but also, apparently, subject to cost overruns.

There are many ways to think and talk about this project, which is certain to fail (and there is news of far less costly methods, making the Olympian spending even more obviously suspicious). For me, the clearest way to understand the Stargate project and in fact, the entire ‘AI’ land grab, is as an attempt to create guaranteed profit for those tech firms who’re at the commanding heights – Microsoft, OpenAI, Amazon, Oracle and co-conspirators. Capital will flow into these firms whether the system works as advertised or not – i.e. they are paid for both function (such as it is) and malfunction.

This isn’t a new technique. The US defense industry has a long history of stuffing its coffers with cash for delivering weapons systems that work… sometimes. The most infamous example is Lockheed’s F-35 fighter, a project that provides the company with funding for both delivery and correction as described in the US Government Accounting Office article, ‘F-35 Joint Strike Fighter: More Actions Needed to Explain Cost Growth and Support Engine Modernization Decision’ May 2023 –

The Department of Defense’s most expensive weapon system—the F-35 aircraft—is now more than a decade behind schedule and $183 billion over original cost estimates.

[…]

That’s a decade and 183 billion of sweet, steady profit, the sort of profit the tech industry has long sought. First there was ‘enterprise software’, then there was subscription-based cloud, both efforts to create ‘growth’ and dependable cash infusions. Now, with Stargate, the industry may have, at last, found its F-35. Unlike the troubled fighter plane, there won’t be any Tom Cruise films featuring the data center. Then again, perhaps there will be. Netflix, like the rest of the industry, is out of ideas.

We Will Demand it For You. On AI and Nuclear Power

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I vividly remember the Three Mile Island incident which, to-date, remains the most severe accident in US commercial nuclear plant history. The military’s own radiation soaked history, still mostly classified, surely includes even darker moments. At the time, I was a boy who, among other things, studied nuclear energy.  We all need hobbies, and learning about reactors was one of mine. Softball, lemonade and subcritical atomics; a good childhood, various things considered. Once the story broke on local news in Philadelphia on what I recall as a crisp, March day in 1979 that TMI, as it was known, was in trouble, the adults in my life – at church and school and in my family – aware of my interests, turned to me to explain what it all meant. Would it explode, like the warhead of a Titan II, meant for Moscow? Or would radiation creep down the Susquehanna River from TMI’s upstate Pennsylvania location, killing us softly? Unexpectedly, I had an audience for ad hoc lectures about failing coolant systems. 

What motivated those adults to listen to a child was unease, approaching terror. That was the dominant emotion. Quietly managed, ever present unease. It was appropriate. How close we came, we now know, to a full meltdown, a Chernobyl-level event.

***

TMI recently came back to my thoughts, like a suddenly remembered nightmare, because of news stories that Microsoft, claiming an acute need for electrical power to supply its ‘AI’ data centers, had signed an agreement with Constellation Energy, the plant’s owner, to re-open one of its reactors. 

Here’s an excerpt from the Financial Times article, ‘Microsoft in deal for Three Mile Island nuclear power to meet AI demand –

Constellation Energy will reopen the Three Mile Island nuclear plant in Pennsylvania to provide power to Microsoft as the tech giant scours for ways to satisfy its soaring energy demand while keeping its emissions in check.

The companies on Friday unveiled a 20-year power supply deal which will entail Constellation reopening Unit 1 of the nuclear facility which was shuttered in 2019, in what would be the second such reopening of a plant in the US.

Three Mile Island’s second unit, which was closed in 1979 after a partial meltdown that led to the most serious nuclear accident in US history, will remain closed.

“The decision here is the most powerful symbol of the rebirth of nuclear power as a clean and reliable energy source,” said Constellation chief executive Joe Dominguez on a call with investors.

[…]

As I began writing this essay, I tried to think of an appropriate introduction, perhaps a quote from Phillip K Dick, whose work is a meditation on technology and madness, leitmotifs of our barbarous era. In the end, I decided to let the situation’s dangerous absurdity speak for itself. 

Let’s then, state the absurd: Microsoft and its ‘hyper-scale’ competitors (more co-conspirators, at this point), Amazon and Google, are turning to nuclear power to provide energy for their generative AI data centers. Pause for a moment to reflect on that sentence which I wrote as plainly as possible, foregoing writerly effects. To some, it’s a dream materialized, the science fiction world they imagined, come to life. To more sober minds, it’s a nightmare; an indication of how detached the software wing of capitalism is from the work of providing anything related to the goods and services people and organizations need or want.

It also puts flesh on the bones of that old phrase, ‘late stage capitalism’.

***

No one asked for so-called ‘generative AI’, the marketing name for a collection of algorithmic methods that ingest text, images, sounds etc – primarily from the Internet, without permission or compensation – iteratively processed using statistics, adjusted by poorly paid workers, computationally kneaded, to produce plausible outputs, that are sold as products. No one asked for it, but as I’ve discussed in a previous essay, the US tech industry’s key players, like gamblers drunk on hubris and hope, have bet their futures on super profits, courtesy of ‘AI’.

And, like desperate gamblers who, as their streak of luck ends, insist everyone around them just believe, the tech industry uses its media leverage to push a story: there’s an urgent need for more electricity to power the ‘AI’ the world allegedly clamors for. We are told there is a demand so great that even old nuclear power plants, such as the Three Mile Island facility must be restarted.

“AI demand” is the theme, the leitmotif; a story that ‘demand’ (no numbers are offered) is extraordinary, requiring that an ancient and indeed, infamous, nuclear plant must be resurrected, rising unbidden, like Godzilla, patron saint of the atomic age, from Tokyo bay. In 1966, Phillip K Dick wrote a novelette titled ‘We Can Remember it for You Wholesale’, the basis for the 1990 action film, ‘Total Recall’. Today, looking around at our world, PKD might be inspired to write a sequel, ‘We Will Demand it, For You’.

But what, exactly, is being demanded? According to Microsoft, its products such as Copilot, the company’s rebranding of OpenAI’s suite of large language model based systems (ChatGPT is the best known example):

Microsoft Copilot is an AI-powered digital assistant designed to help people with a range of tasks and activities on their devices. It can create drafts of content, suggest different ways to word things you’ve written, suggest and insert images or banners, create PowerPoint presentations from Word documents and many other helpful things.

[…]

Our demand for creating automated drafts of documents is so incredible, Microsoft tells us, that it is running out of electricity to spark the data centers providing this vital service and nuclear power, even if supplied by a decades old plant, best known for being the site of a partial meltdown, is their, and we’re encouraged to think, our last, best hope to keep the document summaries flowing. In the science fiction stories I read as a boy, nuclear power took humanity to the stars and energized the glowing hearts of robots. In the world crafted by the tech giants, it helps us create pivot tables for spreadsheets the sales team must have, lest darkness fall.

***

As lies go, the tech industry’s promotion of the idea that we’re demanding it build more data centers, to host more computational equipment, to produce more ‘generative AI’, for more chatbots and variations thereof, ranks as among the most incredible and ridiculous. It seems however, that we live in an age in which danger, lies and absurdity walk arm and arm, dragging us straight into the abyss. This is the moment in a critical essay when it is expected that the author proposes solutions, an answer to the question, ‘what is to be done?’.

Instead of that I offer a warning: the tech industry cannot be regulated and ‘ethics’ is only a diversion. Instead of trying to reform this system, monstrous in conception and execution, our efforts would be better spent preparing to circumvent and eventually, replace it.

References

Three Mile Island Accident

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident?wprov=sfti1#

Microsoft’s AI Power Needs Prompt Revival of Three Mile Island Nuclear Plant

Bloomberg

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-09-20/microsoft-s-ai-power-needs-prompt-revival-of-three-mile-island-nuclear-plant?sref=vuYGislZ

Financial Times

https://www.ft.com/content/ddcb5ab6-965f-4034-96e1-7f668bad1801

Why data centers want to have their own nuclear reactors

https://english.elpais.com/technology/2024-04-30/why-data-centers-want-to-have-their-own-nuclear-reactors.html#

About Microsoft CoPiliot

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-copilot/learn?form=MA13FV

Oracle will use three small nuclear reactors to power new 1-gigawatt AI data center

https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/oracle-will-use-three-small-nuclear-reactors-to-power-new-1-gigawatt-ai-data-center

Amazon Vies for Nuclear-Powered Data Center

https://spectrum.ieee.org/amazon-data-center-nuclear-power

How to Read AI Hype: References

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In this video, I walk through the document, ‘The Decade Ahead‘ by Leopold Aschenbrenner published at the Situational Awareness dot ai website. In the document, Aschenbrenner makes the usual bold assertions about ‘AGI’ (artificial general intelligence) equalling and soon, exceeding human cognition. How do you critically read such hype? Let’s go through it.

References

SITUATIONAL AWARENESS: The Decade Ahead

How GPT-3 Works

‘It’s a Scam.’ Accusations of Mass Non-Payment Grow Against Scale AI’s Subsidiary, Outlier AI

Reclaiming AI as a theoretical tool for cognitive science

AI as Stagnation: On Tech Imperialism

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Unless you’ve been under a rock, and probably, even if you have, you’ve noticed that ‘AI’ is being promoted as the solution to everything from climate change to making tacos. There’s an old joke: how do you know when a politician is lying? Their mouth is moving. Similarly, anytime businesses relentlessly push something, the first question that should come to mind is: how are they trying to make money?

Microsoft, in particular, has, as the saying goes, gone all in rebranding its implementation of OpenAI’s ChatGPT large language model based products as CoPilot, embedded across Microsoft’s catalog. Leaving aside, for the sake of this essay, the question of what so-called AI actually is, (hint: statistics)  considering this push, it’s reasonable to ask: what is going on?

Ideology certainly plays a role

That is, the belief (or at least, the assertion) of a loud segment of the tech industry that they are building Artificial General Intelligence – a successor to humanity, genuinely thinking machines

Ideology is an important factor but it’s more useful to place technology firms such as Microsoft back within capitalism in our thinking. This is a way to reject the diversions this sector uses to obscure that fact

To do this, let’s consider Vladimir Lenin’s theory of imperialism as expressed in his essay, ‘Imperialism the highest stage of capitalism’.

In January of 2023, I published an essay to my blog titled, ChatGPT: Super Rentier.

The thesis of that essay is that Microsoft’s partnership with, and investment in, OpenAI and the insertion of OpenAI’s large language model software, known as ChatGPT into Microsoft’s product catalog, was done to create a platform Microsoft would use to make it a kind of super rentier – or, super landlord – of AI systems. Others, sub-rentiers, would build their platforms using Microsoft’s platform as the backend making it the super rentier – the landlord of landlords.

With this in mind, let’s take a look at this visualization of Lenin’s concept of imperialism I cooked up:

For me, the key element is the relationship between the tendency towards monopoly which leads to stagnation (after all, what’s the incentive to stay sharp if you control a market?) and the expansion of capitalist activity to other, weaker territories to temporarily resolve this stagnation – this is the material motive for capitalist imperialism or as Lenin also phrased it, parasitism.

Let’s apply this theory to Microsoft and its push for AI everywhere:

Microsoft, as a software firm, once derived most of its profit from selling products such as SQL Server, Exchange Server and the Office Suite. 

This became a near monopoly for Microsoft as it dominated the corporate market for these and other types of what’s known as enterprise applications. 

This monopoly led to stagnation – how many different ways can you try to derive profit from Microsoft Office, for example? By stagnation, I don’t mean that Microsoft did not make money or profit from its dominance, but this dominance no longer supported the growth capitalists demand.

The answer, for a time, was the subscription model of the Microsoft 365 platform which moved corporations from a model in which products such as Exchange would be hosted in-house in corporate data centers and licensed, to one in which there was a recurring charge for access and guaranteed revenue stream for Microsoft.

No longer was it possible for a company to buy a copy of a product and use it even after licensing expired. Now, you have to pay up, routinely, to maintain access.

After a time, even this led to a near monopoly and the return of stagnation as the market for expansion was saturated

Into this situation, enter ‘AI’

By inserting AI – chatbots and image generators into every product and pushing for this to be used by its corporate customers, Microsoft is enacting a form of the imperialist expansion Lenin described – it is a colonization of business process, education, art, filmmaking science and more on an unprecedented scale

But what haunts the AI push is the very stagnation it is supposed to remedy

There is no escape from the stagnation caused by monopoly, only temporary fixes which merely serve to create the conditions for future decay and conflict.

References

ChatGPT

Microsoft Copilot

Imperialism the highest stage of capitalism by VI Lenin

ChatGPT – Super Rentier

All Roads Lead to Surveillance Valley (on Windows 11 Recall)

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Since Oct 7, 2023, my taste for debunking tech industry hype has faded like morning mist, exposed to strong sunlight. Although the need for analysis and critique has never been more urgent – particularly of the linkages between the software cartel and state violence, counterinsurgency and related matters – my interest in dissecting false claims evaporated as my thoughts turned to algorithmic targeting platforms and armed quadcopter drones.

Microsoft’s recent announcement of a product named Recall for Copilot Plus PCs, which reportedly features built-in ‘AI’ hosted on a ‘Neural Processing Unit’, provides us with an opportunity to take a look at the political economy of the technology industry in the era of decline.

I say ‘decline’, because Recall, despite the hosannas we’re hearing from the tech press – Silicon Valley’s Pravda – does not represent an advance but a rearguard move to accomplish what I see as two goals: 

  1. Increase and guarantee Microsoft’s ‘AI’ related revenue stream by using its dominance of the PC operating system market (both consumer and corporate) to force a failing product on customers (Tesla’s so-called full self driving software provides another example)
  2. Increase ‘AI’ related revenue by marketing Recall as a surveillance tool to governments and corporations

On point one: Despite a massive investment in OpenAI, including hosting and operating Azure data centers for the ChatGPT suite of resource destroying text calculators and embedding the large language model in flagship products Azure and Microsoft 365, it’s not clear Microsoft (or any company) has seen a return on its ‘AI’ investment. Quite the contrary. Recall creates a compelled revenue stream as corporations refresh their fleets of laptops. Microsoft has tried to recoup costs via high prices for products such as Github Copilot but this does not seem to be working as hoped; organizations can opt out. 

On point two: In a Wall Street Journal interview, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella described Recall’s capabilities as a “photographic memory” that is, recording every image and action on a PC, using an onboard neural processing unit to run this data (supposedly kept on the machine) through a model or models to enable more sophisticated, ‘AI’ enabled searching. 

This seems like a lot of engineering effort to make it easier to find a photo you took at the beach a few years ago. Corporations don’t care about making anyone’s life easier so we must look for more adult, power-aware explanations for what we’re seeing here. 

Consider the precedent of Windows Vista, released in 2006. Vista, which employed a complex method for enforcing corporate digital rights, was created by Microsoft to attract the attention of the film and music industries as the preferred way to exert command and control over our use of ‘content’.  With Vista, Microsoft’s goal was to become the gatekeeper for the digital distribution of entertainment and derive profit from that position. This didn’t work out as planned but the effort is a key indicator of intent. I interpret Recall as being the ‘AI’ variant of the gatekeeper gambit.

We can safely ignore happy talk and promises of privacy to see what is right before us: a system for recording everything you do will be marketed to businesses and governments as a means of mass surveillance. What was once the description of malware has, in the age of ‘AI’ become a product. In its quest for profits, Microsoft is creating a difficult to escape, hardware based, globally distributed monitoring platform. We can be certain that its competitors, such as Apple, are making similar moves.

***

When thinking about the tech industry and its endless stream of product announcements, particularly about ‘AI’, a good rule of thumb is to ignore whatever glittering words are used to ask one question: how do they plan to make money? But not just ‘money’ in the abstract, profit. Looking at Recall for Windows 11, a follow the money approach leads directly to what Yasha Levine called ‘Surveillance Valley’.

References

Recall is Microsoft’s key to unlocking the future of PCs – The Verge

ChatGPT costs $700,000 per day to run, which is why Microsoft wants to make its own AI chips – Windows Central

OpenAI and Microsoft Plan $100 Billion ‘Stargate’ Data Center in the U.S. – Enterprise AI

A Cost Analysis of Windows Vista Content Protection – Peter Gutmann

NPU (Neural Processing Units) – Samsung

Surveillance Valley – Yasha Levine

Leaving the Lyceum

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Can large language models – known by the acronym LLM – reason? 

This is a hotly debated topic in so-called ‘tech’ circles and the academic and media groups that orbit that world like one of Jupiter’s radiation blasted moons.  I dropped the phrase, ‘can large language models reason’ into Google, (that rusting machine) and got this result:

This is only a small sample. According to Google there are “About 352.000.000 results.” We can safely conclude from this, and the back and forth that endlessly repeats on Twitter in groups that discuss ‘AI’ that there is a lot of interest in arguing the matter: pro and con. Is this debate, if indeed it can be called that, the least bit important? What is at stake?

***

According to ‘AI’ industry enthusiasts, nearly everything is at stake; a bold new world of thinking machines is upon us. What could be more important?  To answer this question, let’s do another Google search, this time, for the phrase, Project Nimbus:

The first result returned was a Wikipedia article, which starts with this:

Project Nimbus (Hebrew: פרויקט נימבוס) is a cloud computing project of the Israeli government and its military. The Israeli Finance Ministry announced in April 2021, that the contract is to provide “the government, the defense establishment, and others with an all-encompassing cloud solution.” Under the contract, the companies will establish local cloud sites that will “keep information within Israel’s borders under strict security guidelines.”

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Nimbus

What sorts of things does Israel do with the system described above? We don’t have precise details but there are clues such as what’s described in this excerpt from the +972 Magazine article, ‘A mass assassination factory’: Inside Israel’s calculated bombing of Gaza’ –

According to the [+972 Magazine] investigation, another reason for the large number of targets, and the extensive harm to civilian life in Gaza, is the widespread use of a system called “Habsora” (“The Gospel”), which is largely built on artificial intelligence and can “generate” targets almost automatically at a rate that far exceeds what was previously possible. This AI system, as described by a former intelligence officer, essentially facilitates a “mass assassination factory.”

+972: https://www.972mag.com/mass-assassination-factory-israel-calculated-bombing-gaza/

I wrote about Habsora in this essay. When I think of the ways algorithmic systems are used – increasingly to not only control but also to kill, my interest in the LLM debate fades, like the memory of a dream. It seems light and airy, unsuitable for the age.

***

History, and legend tell us that in ancient Athens there was a place called the Lyceum, founded by Aristotle, where the techniques of the Peripatetic school were practiced. Peripatetic means, more or less, ‘walking about’ which reflects the method: philosophers and students, mingling freely, discussing ideas. There are centuries of accumulated hagiography about this school. No doubt it was nice for those not subject to the slave system of ancient Greece.

Similarly, debates about whether or not LLMs can reason are nice for those of us not subject to hellfire missiles, fired by Apache helicopters sent on their errands based on targeting algorithms. But, I am aware of the pain of people who are subject to those missiles. I can’t unsee the death facilitated by computation.

This is why I have to leave the debating square, the social media crafted lyceum. Do large language models reason? No. But even spending time debating the question offends me now. A more pressing question is what the people building the systems killing our fellow human beings are thinking. What is their reasoning?

Command, Control, Kill

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The IDF assault on Nasser hospital in Southern Gaza joined a long and growing list of bloody infamies committed by Israel since Oct 7, 2023. During a Democracy Now interview, broadcast on Feb 15, 2024, Dr. Khaled Al Serr, who was later kidnapped by the IDF, described what he saw:

“Actually, the situation here in the hospital at this moment is in chaos. All of the patients, all the relatives, refugees and also the medical staff are afraid because of what happened. We could not imagine that at any time the Israeli army will bomb the hospital directly, and they will kill patients and medical personnel directly by bombing the hospital building. Yesterday also, Israeli snipers and Israeli quadcopters, which is a drone, carry on it an AR, and with a sniper, they shot all over the building. And they shot my colleague, Dr. Karam. He has a shrapnel inside his head. I can upload for you a CT for him. You can see, alhamdulillah, it was superficial, nothing serious. But a lot of bullets inside their bedroom and the restroom.”

The Israeli military is using quadcopters, armed with sniper rifles, as part of its assassination arsenal. These remote operated drones, which possess limited but still important automatic capabilities (flight stability, targeting persistence) are being used in the genocidal war in Gaza and the war between Russia and Ukraine to name two, prominent examples. They are likely to make an appearance near you in some form, soon enough.

I haven’t seen reporting on the type of quadcopter used but it’s probably the Smash Dragon, a model produced by the Israeli firm Smart Shooter which, on its website, describes its mission:

SMARTSHOOTER develops state-of-the-art Fire Control Systems for small arms that significantly increase weapon accuracy and lethality when engaging static and moving targets, on the ground and in the air, day and night.

Here is a promotional video for the Smash Dragon:

Smart Shooter’s product, and profit source are the application of computation to the tasks of increasing accuracy and automating weapon firing. One of their ‘solutions’ (solving, apparently, the ‘problem’ of people being alive) is a fixed position ‘weapon station’ called the Smash Hopper that enables a distant operator to target-lock the weapon on a person, initiating the firing of a constant stream of bullets. For some reason, the cartoonish word,  ‘smash’ is popular with the Smart Shooter marketing team.

‘AI’, as used under the current global order, serves three primary purposes: control via sorting, anti-labor propaganda and obscuring culpability. Whenever a hospital deploys an algorithmic system, rather than healthcare worker judgment, to decide how long patients stay, sorting is being used as a means of control, for profit. Whenever a tech CEO tells you that ‘AI’ can replace artists, drivers, filmmakers, etc. the idea of artificial intelligence is employed as an anti-labor propaganda tool. And whenever someone tells you that the ‘AI’ has decided, well, anything, they are trying to hide the responsibility of the people behind the scenes, pushing algorithmic systems on the world.

The armed quadcopter brings all of these purposes together, wrapped in a blood stained ribbon. Who lives and who dies is decided via remote control while the fingers pulling the trigger, and the people directing them are hidden from view. These systems are marketed as using ‘AI’ implying machines are making life and death decisions rather than people.

In the introduction to his 2023  book, The Palestine Laboratory, which details Israel’s role in the global arms trade and use of the Palestinians as lethal examples, journalist Anthony Lowenstein describes a weapons demonstration video attended by Andrew Feinstein in 2009:

“Israel is admired as a nation that stands on its own and is unashamed in using extreme force to maintain it. [Andrew Feinstein is] a former South African politician. journalist, and author. He told me about attending the Paris Air Show in 2009, the world’s largest aerospace industry and air show exhibitions. [The Israel-based defense firm Elbit Systems] was showing a promotional video about killer drones, which have been used in Israel’s war against Gaza and over the West Bank.

The footage had been filmed a few months before and showed the reconnaissance of Palestinians in the occupied territories. A target was assassinated. […] Months later, Feinstein investigated the drone strike and discovered that the incident featured in the video had killed a number of innocent Palestinians, including children.  This salient fact wasn’t featured at the Paris Air Show. “This was my introduction to the Israeli arms industry and the way it markets itself.”

The armed quadcopter drone, one of the fruits of an industry built on occupation and death, can be added to the long list of the harms of computation. ‘Keep watching the skies!’ someone said at the end of a 1950s science fiction film whose name escapes me. Never mind though, the advice stands.

References

Democracy Now Interview with Dr. Khaled Al Serr

https://www.democracynow.org/2024/2/15/nasser_hospital_stormed_gaza

Dr. Al Serr kidnapped

The Palestine Laboratory

The Palestine Laboratory